تحلیل مفهوم حرفه‌ای‌سازی در حوزه‌ی مدیریت منابع انسانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه مدیریت دولتی، واحد کنگاور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کنگاور، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده‌ی ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه،

3 استادیار، گروه مدیریت منابع انسانی، دانشکده‌ی مدیریت و حسابداری، پردیس فارابی دانشگاه تهران، قم، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه مدیریت منابع انسانی، دانشکده‌ی مدیریت و حسابداری، پردیس فارابی دانشگاه تهران، قم،

چکیده

حرفه‌ای‌سازی به‌مفهومی کلیدی در حوزه‌ی مدیریت منابع انسانی تبدیل شده است ولی با این وجود مبهم بودن معنای حرفه‌ای‌سازی در جایگاه مهم‌ترین مفهوم در مدیریت منابع انسانی همچنان توسط بسیاری از صاحب‌نظران این عرصه به‌عنوان یک مسئله‌ی چالش­برانگیز مطرح شده است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، شفاف‌سازی مفهوم حرفه‌ای‌سازی در حوزه‌ی مدیریت منابع انسانی است. برای دست‌یابی به این هدف، از رویکرد تحلیل مفهوم سودابی استفاده شد و با استفاده از این رویکرد، تعاریف، ابعاد و معنای دقیق حرفه‌ای‌سازی شناسایی شد. از متون و مقالات نوشته شده در این خصوص به‌عنوان ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات استفاده شد. در طی این فرآیند با استفاده از بررسی نظرات متخصصین و اساتید دانشگاهی ‌که در این حوزه دارای نوشته بودند نیز استفاده شد. برای این منظور بر روی منابع پراستناد در این حوزه تأکید شد. درنهایت با استفاده از رویکرد موردنظر چارچوب تحلیل مفهومی به‌عنوان مبنایی جهت تحلیل مفهوم حرفه‌ای‌سازی در حوزه‌ی مدیریت منابع انسانی ارائه شد. نتایج این پژوهش می­تواند زمینه­ ی اجرایی حرفه ای ­سازی هم در سطح فردی و هم در سطح سازمانی را فراهم کند. کاربست چشم ­انداز حرفه­ ای ­سازی در خصوص حوزه­ ی مدیریت منابع انسانی می­تواند فهم کنونی را از این مفهوم ارتقا بخشد. در پایان براساس یافته‌های پژوهش، پیشنهادهای لازم نیز ارائه شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Concept Analysis of Professionalization in Human Resource Management Field

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohammad amin batmani 1
  • Afshin baghfalaki 2
  • jabbar babashahi 3
  • Hamid Reza Yazdani 4
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Public Administration, Kangavar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kangavar, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Faculties of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch, Kermanshah, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Farabi Campus, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Farabi Campus, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Professionalization has become a key concept in the field of human resource management, but the ambiguity of the meaning of professionalism as the most important concept in HRM is still posed by many experts in this field as a challenging issue. The purpose of this research is to clarify the concept of professionalism in the field of human resource management. In order to achieve this goal, the Suddaby concept analysis approach was used; using this approach, definitions, dimensions, and meaning of professionalism were identified. The texts and articles written in this regard were used as a tool for collecting information. During this process, using the review of the views of experts and professors of the university who wrote in this field were also used. To this end, emphasis was placed on the sources of pragmatics in this area. Finally, using the conceptual framework approach, a conceptual framework was introduced as the basis for analyzing the concept of professionalism in the field of human resource management. The results of this research can provide a context for applying professionalization at both the individual and organizational levels. Finally, based on the findings of the research, suggestions are also given. Applying Professionalization perspective on HRM domain can enhance the existing understanding of such concept.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Professionalism
  • Professionalization
  • Concept Analysis
ابوالعلایی، بهزاد؛ رحیمیان، حمید؛ طباطبایی، سیداحمد، فخاریان، ابوالقاسم و غفاری، عباس (1383). حرفه‌ای شدن مدیریت منابع انسانی: بستری برای جهانی شدن. ماهنامه‌ی تدبیر. 152آذرماه. صص.13-4.
امیریان، محمد (1395). بررسی رابطه‌ی ابعاد حرفه­ای‌گرایی منابع انسانی و عمکرد سازمان (مطالعه‌ی موردی: دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرمانشاه). پایان‌نامه‌ی کارشناسی ارشد. دانشکده‌ی علوم انسانی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرمانشاه.
باتمانی، محمدامین (1397). طراحی چارچوب مفهومی حرفه‌ای‌گرایی در حوزه‌ی مدیریت منابع انسانی. رساله‌ی دکتری چاپ نشده. دانشکده‌ی مدیریت و حسابداری پردیس فارابی دانشگاه تهران.
باتمانی، محمدامین؛ باباشاهی، جبار و یزدانی، حمیدرضا (۱۳۹۸). فهم حرفه­ای­سازی حوزه­ی مدیریت منابع انسانی، فصلنامه­ی پژوهش‌های مدیریت منابع انسانی. سال یازدهم، شماره 2، 27-1.
حسامی، سمیه (1395). واکاوی بحران مشروعیّت مدیریت منابع انسانی. پایان نامه‌ی کارشناسی ارشد. دانشکده‌ی مدیریت و حسابداری پردیس فارابی دانشگاه تهران.
Abbott, A. (1988). The system of professions: An essay on the division of expert labor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Aldridge, M., & Evetts, J. (2003). Rethinking the concept of professionalism: the case of journalism. The British journal of sociology, 54(4), 547-564.
Alic, B. (2017). Evaluation of Professionalism In Human Resources Management In The Republic Of Moldova. Annals-Economy Series, 3, 171-180.
Anthony, P., & Crichton, A. (1969). Industrial relations and the personnel specialists. BT Batsford Limited.
Armstrong, M., & Baron, A. (2000). Performance management. Human resource management69.
Bacharach, S. B. (1989). Organizational theories: Some criteria for evaluation. Academy of management review, 14(4), 496-515.
Balthazard, C. (2014). What Does ‘Professionalism’Mean for HR Professionals? Queen’s University IRC.
Baron, A. (2019). Understanding HR reputation: a study to identify and measure the factors that determine perceptions and judgements of HR (Doctoral dissertation, Bournemouth University).
Boudreau, J. W., & Ramstad, P. M. (2004). Talentship and human resource measurement and analysis: From ROI to strategic organizational change. Los Angeles, CA: University of Southern California.
Boudreau, J., & Lawler III, E. E. (2014). Stubborn traditionalism in HRM: Causes and consequences. Human Resource Management Review, 24(3), 232-244.
Brock, D. M., Leblebici, H., & Muzio, D. (2014). Understanding professionals and their workplaces: The mission of the Journal of Professions and Organization. Journal of Professions and Organization1, 1-15.
Burke, R. J., & Cooper, C. L. (Eds.). (2006). Reinventing HRM: Challenges and new directions. Routledge.
Caldwell, R. (2003). The changing roles of personnel managers: old ambiguities, new uncertainties. Journal of Management Studies, 40(4), 983-1004.
Cappelli, P. (2005). Will there really be a labor shortage?. Human Resource Management: Published in Cooperation with the School of Business Administration, The University of Michigan and in alliance with the Society of Human Resources Management44(2), 143-149.
Caudron, S. (2003). HR is Dead Long Live HR. Workforce, 82(1), 26-30.
Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide Through Qualitative Analysis. London: Sage.
Chinn, P. L., & Kramer, M. K. (1995). Theory and nursing: a system approach. St. Louis (Missouri): Mosby.
CIPD, Official website of the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Available at www.cipd.co.uk. Accessed:[19-07-2017].
Claus, L. M., & Collison, J. (2004). The Maturing Profession of Human Resources: In the United States of America Survey Report. Society For Human Resource Management.
Claus, L. M., & Collison, J. (2005). The Maturing Profession of Human Resources: Worldwide and Regional View. Society for Human Resource Management.
Cohen, D. J. (2012). Identifying the value of HR certification: Clarification and more complex models required. Human Resource Management Review, 22(4), 258-265.
Darien, S. (2006). Not just any seat at the table. Future of Human Resource, 119.
Elias, P., & Purcell, K. (2013). Classifying graduate occupations for the knowledge society. Institute for employment research. University of Warwick. Futuretrack working paper5.
Fanning, B. (2011). Human Resource Management: The road to professionalization in the UK and USA. Unpublished Master’s thesis, Kingston University, London.
Farndale, E. (2005). HR department professionalism: a comparison between the UK and other European countries. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(5), 660-675.
Farndale, E., & Brewster, C. (2005). In search of legitimacy: Personnel management associations worldwide. Human Resource Management Journal, 15(3), 33-48.
Farndale, E., & Hope-Hailey, V. (2009). Personnel departmental power: Realities from the UK higher education sector. management revue, 20(4), 392-412.
Fitz-Enz, J. (2000). The ROI of human capital: Measuring the economic value of employee performance. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn.
Forsyth, P. B., & Danisiewicz, T. J. (1985). Toward a theory of professionalization. Work and occupations, 12(1), 59-76.
Freidson, E. (1994). Professionalism reborn: Theory, prophecy, and policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Freidson, E. (2001). Professionalism, The third logic; on the practice of knowledge. Polity Press, Chicago.
Gardberg, N. A., & Fombrun, C. J. (2006). Corporate citizenship: Creating intangible assets across institutional environments. Academy of Management Review, 31(2): 329-346.
Geoffrey, M. (1964). The Qualifying Associations: A Study in Professionalization. Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Gilmore, S., & Williams, S. (2007). Conceptualising the “personnel professional” A critical analysis of the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development's professional qualification scheme. Personnel Review, 36(3), 398-414.
Gold, J., & Bratton, J. (2003). The Dynamics of Professionalization: Whither the HRM Profes‑sion. In Critical Management Studies Conference (Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 17-22).
Grinspun, D. (2007). RNAO-Registered Nurses Association of Ontario. Nursing Best Practice Guidelines Program. Healthy Work Environments Best Practice Guidelines. Professionalism in Nursing. Toronto: RNAO.
Guest, D. E., & Woodrow, C. (2012). Exploring the boundaries of human resource managers’ responsibilities. Journal of business ethics, 111(1), 109-119.
Gupta, A. (2015). "Definitions", the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edward N. Zalta (Ed.).
Hammonds, K. H. (2005). Why we hate HR. Fast Company, 97(8), 40-47.
Higgins, P., & Lo, M. F. (2018). The strategic and cultural legitimacy of HR professionalization in Hong Kong. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 35(4), 1139-1160.
Higgins, P., Roper, I., & Gamwell, S. (2016). 14. HRM as an emerging new managerial profession. Perspectives on Contemporary Professional Work: Challenges and Experiences, 286.
Hiltrop, J. M., Despres, C., & Sparrow, P. (1995). The changing role of HR managers in Europe. European Management Journal, 13(1), 91-98.
Hodson, R., & Sullivan, T. A. (2012). The social organization of work. Cengage Learning.
Horn, R. C. (1978). On professions, professionals, and professional ethics. American Institute for Property and Liability Underwriters.
Ingham, J. (2007). Strategic human capital management: Creating value through people. San Francisco: Elsevier Ltd.
Jacoby, J. (1978). Consumer Research: How valid and useful are all our consumer behavior research findings? A State of the Art Review1. Journal of marketing, 42(2), 87-96.
Khurana, R. and Nohria, N. (2008). It‘s Time to Make Management a True Profession. Harvard Business Review. R1007C.
Kitson, A. (1993). Formalising concepts related to nursing and caring. Nursing: art and science, 25-47.
Klass, A. A. (1961). What is a profession?. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 85(12), 698.
Klein, H. J., & Delery, J. E. (2012). Construct clarity in human resource management research: Introduction to the special issue. Human Resource Management Review, 22(2), 57–61.
Kochan, T. A. (2004). Restoring trust in the human resource management profession. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 42(2), 132-146.
Kochan, T. A. (2007). Social legitimacy of the HRM profession: A US perspective. Oxford Handbook of Human Resource Management, The, 599.
Larson, S. M. (1977). The rise of professionalism: A sociological analysis. University of California, Berkeley.
Lawler, E. E., & Boudreau, J. W. (2018). Human resource excellence: An assessment of strategies and trends. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Lawson, T. E., Limbrick, V. (1996). Critical competencies and developmental experiences for top HR executives, Human Resource Management, 35(1): 67-85.
Legge, K. (1978). Power, innovation, and problem-solving in personnel management. MacGraw-Hill Book Company.
Lindström, S., & Vanhala, S. (2011). Divergence in HR functional roles in local government. Public Management Review, 13(7), 1023-1040.
Losey, M. R. (1997). The future HR professional: Competency buttressed by advocacy and ethics. Human Resource Management (1986-1998)36(1), 147-150.
Losey, M., Meisinger, S., & Ulrich, D. (Eds.). (2007). The future of human resource management: 64 thought leaders explore the critical HR issues of today and tomorrow. John Wiley & Sons.
MacInnis, D. J. (2011). A framework for conceptual contributions in marketing. Journal of Marketing, 75(4), 136-154.
MacKenzie, S. B. (2003). The dangers of poor construct conceptualization. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 31(3), 323-326.
Magau, M. D., & Roodt, G. (2010). An evaluation of the Human Capital Bridge TM framework. SA Journal of Human Resource Management. 8(1). 1-10.
Mello, J. A. (2019). Strategic human resource management (5th ed.). Boston: Cengage.
Mottian, S. D. (2014). Professionalism in nursing: A concept analysis (Doctoral dissertation, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus).
Nicos, P., & Mouzelis, S. (2017). Organizational Pathology: Life and Death of Organizations. ROUTLEDGE.
Noordegraaf, M. (2011). Risky business: How professionals and professional fields (must) deal with organizational issues. Organization studies, 32(10), 1349-1371.
Pfeffer, J., & Jeffrey, P. (1998). The human equation: Building profits by putting people first. Harvard Business Press.
Pfeffer, J., & Sutton, R. I. (2000). The knowing-doing gap: How smart companies turn knowledge into action. Harvard business press.
Public Service Commission. (2010). Assessment of the state of Human resource management in the public service. Red Flag Design & Marketing Publishers, South Africa.
Reed, S. M. (2017). A Guide to the Human Resource Body of Knowledge (HRBoK). John Wiley & Sons.
Renwick, D. (2003). Line manager involvement in HRM: an inside view. Employee Relations, 25(3), 262-280.
Robinson, D. G., & Robinson, J. C. (2005). Strategic business partner: A critical role for human resource professionals – Aligning people strategies with business goals. San Francisco: Berrett-Kohler Publishers Inc.
Rodgers, B. L. (1989). Concepts, analysis and the development of nursing knowledge: the evolutionary cycle. Journal of advanced nursing, 14(4), 330-335.
Rogers, R. R. (2001). Reflection in higher education: A concept analysis. Innovative higher education, 26(1), 37-57.
Rossiter, J. R. (2013). Scientific progress in measurement theory? AMS review, 3(3), 171-179.
Rothwell, W. J., Prescott, R. K., & Taylor, M. W. (2008). Human resource transformation: Demonstrating strategic leadership in the face of future trends. Davies-Black Publishing.
Sadler-Smith, E., & Badger, B. (1998). Cognitive style, learning and innovation. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 10(2), 247-266.
Saks, M. (2016). A review of theories of professions, organizations and society: The case for neo-Weberianism, neo-institutionalism and eclecticism. Journal of Professions and Organization. 3(2): 170-187.
Sambrook, S. (2008). Critical HRD: A concept analysis. Personnel Review, 38(1), 61-73.
Sanders, K., & Frenkel, S. (2011). HR-line management relations: characteristics and effects. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(8), 1611-1617.
Sartori, G. (2009). Guidelines for concept analysis in Collier, D. and Gerring, J. Concepts and Method in Social Science: The tradition of Giovanni Sartori, 97-150.
Schultz, C. M. (2010). HR competencies at a merged higher education institution. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 8(1), 1-8.
Scott, W. R. (2008). Lords of the dance: Professionals as institutional agents. Organization studies, 29(2), 219-238.
Stewart, T. A., & Martin, M. H. (1996). Human resources bites back. Fortune, 133(9), 175-176.
Stewart, T. A., & Woods, W. (1996). Taking on the last bureaucracy. Fortune, 133(1), 105-107.
Subramony, M. (2006). Subramony, M. (2006). Why organizations adopt some human resource management practices and reject others: An exploration of rationales. Human Resource Management: Published in Cooperation with the School of Business Administration, The University of Michigan and in alliance with the Society of Human Resources Management45(2), 195-210.
Suchman, M. C. (1995). Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches. Academy of management review, 20(3), 571-610.
Suddaby, R. (2010). Editor’s comments: Construct clarity in theories of management and organization. Academy of Management Review. Academy of Management, 35(3), 346–357.
Suddaby, R., & Viale, T. (2011). Professionals and field-level change: Institutional work and the professional project. Current Sociology, 59(4), 423-442.
Syrigou, A. (2018). Exploring the HR Role and Professionalisation: HR Practitioners as Aspirant Professionals? (Doctoral dissertation, University of Portsmouth).
Tähtinen, J., & Havila, V. (2019). Conceptually confused, but on a field level? A method for conceptual analysis and its application. Marketing Theory19(4), 533-557.
Taylor, S. (2018). Resourcing and talent management. Kogan Page Publishers.
Thakkar, B. S. (2020). Paradigm Shift in Management Philosophy. Springer.
The SHRM office website. [Online]. Available:http://www.shrm.org/2011.
Timperley, S. R., & Osbaldeston, M. D. (1975). The professionalization process: a study of an aspiring occupational organization. The Sociological Review, 23(3), 607-627.
Truss, C. (2008). Continuity and change: the role of the HR function in the modern public sector. Public Administration, 86(4), 1071-1088.
Truss, C., Gratton, L., Hope‐Hailey, V., Stiles, P., & Zaleska, J. (2002). Paying the piper: choice and constraint in changing HR functional roles. Human Resource Management Journal, 12(2), 39-63.
Ulrich, D. (1997). Human resource champions: The new agenda for adding value and delivering results. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Ulrich, D. (1997). Organizing around capabilities. In F. Hesselbein, M. Goldsmith, & R. Beckhard (Eds.), The Organization of the Future. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Ulrich, D. (1998). A new mandate for human resources. Harvard business review76, 124-135.
Ulrich, D., & Brockbank, W. (2005). The HR value proposition. Harvard Business Press.
Ulrich, D., & Eichinger, R. W. (1998). Delivering HR with an Attitude. HR Magazine, 43, 154-161.
Ulrich, D., Younger, J., Brockbank, W., & Ulrich, M. D. (2013). The state of the HR profession. Human Resource Management, 52(3), 457-471.
Venter, A., & Barkhuizen, N. (2005). Rethinking undergraduate curricula: a Delphi study of the Human Resource Management and Industrial and Organisational Psychology. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology. 31(3), 46-53.
Walker, L. O., & Avant, K. C. (2005). Strategies for Theory Construction in Nursing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Watson, T. (1977).The personnel managers: A study in the sociology of work and industry. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Wiley, C. (1995). Reexamining professional certification in human resource management. Human Resource Management, 34(2), 269-289.
Wolfe, R. A. (1995). Human resource management innovations: Determinants of their adoption and implementation. Human Resource Management, 34(2), 313-327.
Wright, C. (2008). Reinventing human resource management: Business partners, internal consultants and the limits to professionalization. Human Relations, 61(8), 1063-1086.
Yeung, A. K. (1996). Competencies for HR professionals: An interview with Richard E. Boyatzis. Human Resource Management (1986-1998), 35(1), 119.
Zhao, L. (2018). Professionalization of Human Resource Management in China: A Comparison Study to Law and Accountancy. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 5(6), 214-231.