Designing a Multidimensional Framework for Analyzing Human Resource Productivity in Industry 5.0

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Professor, Management Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

2 PHD student in the field of public Administration, human resources orientation at Shiraz University, Iran.

10.22080/shrm.2026.29231.1763

Abstract

In the context of Industry 5.0—where advanced technologies converge with human-centered values—rethinking human resource productivity beyond traditional quantitative indicators is essential for sustainable and future-oriented organizations. This study aims to develop a multidimensional framework that integrates technological advancement with human development and organizational sustainability. Using a qualitative methodology, including a systematic literature review, thematic analysis, Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), and MICMAC analysis, the study identifies 63 relevant articles out of 1,434 initial sources, evaluated through the JBI quality appraisal tool. A total of 160 conceptual codes were categorized across four core dimensions: technological, human-centered, managerial, and strategic. The findings highlight key productivity drivers such as ethical AI deployment, participatory leadership, and continuous reskilling, while also emphasizing foundational elements like organizational culture and employee motivation. The resulting framework provides a hierarchical, integrative model that aligns digital transformation with human dignity, adaptability, and strategic resilience. This model offers practical insights for HR policymakers aiming to enhance productivity in ways that support sustainable development and responsible innovation within Industry 5.0 ecosystems.

Keywords

Main Subjects


AkbariEmami, S., Jami Pour, M., & Fathi, S. (2023). Designing a framework for the adoption of artificial intelligence in human resource management: An ex-ploratory approach. Sustainable Hu-man Resource Management, 5(9), 263-284. 
Alves, J., Lima, T. M., & Gaspar, P. D. (2023). Is Industry 5.0 a human-centred approach? A systematic re-view. Processes, 11(1), 193. 
Amiri, A., Zare, J., & Mohammadi, R. (2024). A systematic review of human re-source productivity: Key factors and measurement models. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 14(1), 58-78.
Azizi, N., Akhavan, P., Philsoophian, M., Davison, C., Haass, O., & Saremi, S. (2022). Exploring the factors affecting sustainable human resource produc-tivity in railway lines. Sustainability, 14(1), 225. 
Bae, J., & Lawler, J. J. (2000). Organization-al and HRM strategies in Korea: Impact on firm performance in an emerging economy. Academy of Management Journal, 43(3), 502–517. 
Becker, B. E., & Huselid, M. A. (2006). Stra-tegic human resources management: Where do we go from here? Journal of Management, 32(6), 898–925. 
Black, S. E., & Lynch, L. M. (1997). How to compete: The impact of workplace practices and information technology on productivity. Review of Economics and Statistics, 83(3), 434–445. 
Bohlooli, M., Noori, S., & Nazari, E. (2012). Prioritizing factors to improve productivity using the ACHIEVE model and TOPSIS methodology. Interna-tional Journal of Productivity and Per-formance Management, 61(5), 522–534. 
Boudreau, J. W., & Ramstad, P. M. (2005). Talentship and the new paradigm for human resource management: From professional practices to strategic tal-ent decision science. Human Resource Planning, 28(2), 17–26.
Boxall, P., & Purcell, J. (2003). Strategy and human resource management. Palgrave Macmillan.
Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2023). The productivity paradox: How technology has evolved and its impact on perfor-mance. Journal of Economic Perspec-tives, 37(2), 25–42.
Budhwar, P., Singh, S. K., & Pereira, V. (2023). Human resource management in the age of generative artificial intel-ligence: Challenges and opportunities. Human Resource Management Journal, 33(1), 3–12. 
Cammeraat, E., Samek, L., & Squicciarini, M. (2021). The role of innovation and human capital for the productivity of industries. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers, No. 103. 
Casimiro, J., Resende, A., Lima, T. M., & Gaspar, P. D. (2023). Is Industry 5.0 a human-centred approach? A system-atic review.Processes,11(1),193. 
Cheng, M. M., & Hackett, R. D. (2021). A critical review of algorithms in HRM: Definition, theory, and prac-tice. Human Resource Management Review, 31(1), 100698.  
Chilunjika, A., Mavhunga, C., & Nhede, N. T. (2022). Artificial intelligence and the future of work in Africa: A human re-source management perspective. Afri-can Journal of Business Management, 16(3), 80–89. 
Chowdhury, S., Dey, P., Joel-Edgar, S., Bhattacharya, S., Rodriguez, O., Ab-adie, A., & Truong, L. (2022). Unlocking the value of artificial intelligence in human resource management through AI capability framework. Human Re-source Management Review, 33, 100899.  
Cullen, S. (2021). The impact of automa-tion and AI on workforce dynamics: Opportunities and challenges for HR. Journal of Business Research, 122, 115–123.
Cummings, T. G., & Worley, C. G. (2014). Organization development and change (10th Ed.). Cengage Learning.
Datta, D. K., Guthrie, J. P., & Wright, P. M. (2005). Human resource management and labor productivity: Does industry matter? Academy of Management Jour-nal, 48(1), 135–145. 
Del Giudice, M., Scuotto, V., Caputo, F., & Carayannis, E. G. (2023). Artificial in-telligence and human resource man-agement: Emerging theoretical and empirical insights. Journal of Business Research, 160, 113749. 
Dessler, G. (2019). Human resource man-agement (15th Ed.). Pearson Education.
Dönmezer, S., Demircioğlu, P., Böğrekçi, İ., Bas, G., & Durakbaşa, M. N. (2024). Revolutionizing Industry 5.0: Harness-ing the power of digital human model-ling. In Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics (pp. 1–10).
Drew, S. A. W., & Smith, M. (2003). Productivity regression scoring as a method for analyzing employee per-formance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Man-agement, 52(6), 689-704.
Etemadi, M., ChitSaz, E., Koshki, S., & Jafa-ri, S. (2025). Artificial Intelligence ver-sus Human-Guided Methods in HR Recruitment Evaluation: A Meta-Integration of Benefits and Draw-backs. Sustainable Human Resource Management, 6(11), 214-191. (In Per-sian)
Faisal, A. (2023). Optimizing organizational productivity through strategic HR management in the digital era. Journal of Advanced Workforce Studies, 1(1).
Fombrun, C. J., Tichy, N. M., & Devanna, M. A. (1984). Strategic human resource management.
Ganer, S., Kediya, S., Suchak, A., Dey, S., & Band, G. (2022). Analytical study of HRM practices in industry 5.0. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1283, 012014.  
Gary Baskas, K., Matsuda, H., & Nguyen, P. (2022). Addressing societal challenges in Industry 5.0. Journal of Social and Industrial Transformation, 20(4), 18–30.  
Gidwani, P., & Dangaich, M. (2017). Productivity improvement methods in India: A review. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Man-agement, 66(1), 146–160.  
Gould-Williams, J. S. (2003). The meaning of HRM: Implications for employee motivation. Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(1), 40–52.  
Granata, I., Faccio, M., & Boschetti, G. (2024). Industry 5.0 prioritizing human comfort and productivity through col-laborative robots and dynamic task al-location. Procedia Computer Science.  
Grant, A. M. (2013). Give and take: A revo-lutionary approach to success. Viking Press.
Grant, A. M. (2013). Providing care: The role of human resources in healthcare organizations. Human Resource Man-agement Review, 23(1), 29–45.  
Guest, D. (2002). Human resource man-agement, corporate performance and employee wellbeing: Building the worker into HRM. The Journal of In-dustrial Relations, 44(3), 335–358 
Guest, D. E. (1997). Human resource man-agement and performance: A review and research agenda. The International Journal of Human Resource Manage-ment, 8(3), 263–276. 
Gurcanli, G., Mahcicek, S., Serpel, E., & Attia, S. (2021). Factors affecting productivity of technical personnel in Turkish construction industry: A field study. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 46(12), 11339–11353. 
Hattikal, Y. (2017). Human resource ac-counting: Challenges and recommen-dations for the Indian services sec-tor. International Journal of Services and Operations Management, 28(1), 82–96. 
Heskett, J. L., Sasser, W. E., & Schlesinger, L. A. (2016). The service profit chain: How leading companies link profit and growth to loyalty, satisfaction, and val-ue. 
Ichniowski, C., Shaw, K., & Prennushi, G. (1995). The effects of human resource management systems on plants' productivity. Management Science, 41(7), 975–991. 
Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2005). Why most pub-lished research findings are false. PLOS Medicine, 2(8), e124. 
Joanna Briggs Institute. (2017). Critical ap-praisal tools. Retrieved from https://jbi.global/critical-appraisal-tools
Kanchan, P., Shailendra, K., & Mugdha, S. (2024). Harmonising human and ro-botic workforces in Industry 5.0. In Advances in Industrial Revolution Studies. 
Katou, A. A., & Budhwar, P. S. (2015). Dynamic production functions: The relationship between HR systems and employee skills. Journal of Busi-ness Research, 68(7), 1440–1450. 
Kim, J., & Wu, Y. (2020). Digital transfor-mation and its impact on human inter-actions in organizations. Journal of Or-ganizational Change Management, 33(4), 621–635. 
Kraus, S., Durst, S., Ferreira, J. J., Veiga, P., Kailer, N., & Weinmann, A. (2013). Effectiveness of human re-source management systems: An over-view of the current status quo. International Journal of Infor-mation Management, 63, 102466. 
Kur, S. (2023). The relationship between employee health and productivity: A comprehensive review. International Journal of Health Services, 53(1), 45–62. 
Lado, A., Schuler, R., & Jackson, S. E. (2005). Strategic human resource management. The Academy of Man-agement Review, 25(1), 677–702. 
Lindner, F., & Reiner, G. (2023). Industry 5.0 and operations management: The importance of human factors. In 2023 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS). 
Loizaga, E., Toichoa Eyam, A., Bastida, L., & Martinez Lastra, J. L. (2023). A com-prehensive study of human factors, sensory principles, and commercial solutions for future humancentered working operations in Industry 5.0. IEEE Access.
Lykov, A., & Razumowsky, A. (2023). Hu-man capital and innovation in Industry 5.0: A new perspective. Journal of In-novation Management, 11(2), 57-72. 
Madanchian, M., Hussein, N., Noordin, F., & Taherdoost, H. (2023). Leadership for sustainable human resource man-agement: Challenges and opportuni-ties in the digital era.Sustainability,15 (1),347. (In Persian) 
Malik, A., Budhwar, P., & Srikanth, N. R. (2023). Artificial intelligence and HRM in emerging economies: A scoping re-view. Human Resource Management Review, 33(2), 100957. 
Malmir, A., Khalili, K., & Damirchi, Q. (2012). Classifying the effective factors on productivity of human resources by using AHP and TOPSIS methods.
Mamlook, R., Bzizi, M., AlKbisbeh, M., Ali, T., & Almajiri, E. (2020). Factors affect-ing labor productivity in the construc-tion industry. Journal of Civil Engi-neering and Management, 4, 24.
Marler, J. H., & Parry, E. (2023). Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Man-agement: A Review and Future Re-search Agenda. Human Resource Man-agement Review, 33(2), 100-120.
McKenzie, K., & Van Alst, L. (2019). Em-ployee empowerment and organiza-tional behavior. International Journal of Human Resource Development, 12(4), 40–53.
Molina, A. (2023). Emerging approaches for enterprises and human integration towards Industry 5.0. In Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics.
Nahavandi, S. (2019).  Industry 5.0 A hu-mancentric solution. Sustainability, 11(16), 4371.
Noe, R. A., Hollenbeck, J. R., Gerhart, B., & Wright, P. M. (2014). Training and de-velopment: A strategic perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(3), 409–428.
Octaviani, N., Sumantri, S., & Indrasari, I. (2022). Integrating  Industry 5.0  prin-ciples into human resource manage-ment: Towards multidimensional frameworks. Human Resource Man-agement Review, 35(1), 100741.
Paauwe, J. & Boselie, J.P. (2005). HRM and Performance: What’s next? Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, School of Industri-al and Labor Relations, International Programs.
Pan, S. Y., & Froese, F. J. (2023). The role of artificial intelligence in human re-source management: A systematic lit-erature review and future research agenda. International Journal of Hu-man Resource Management, 34(5), 847-876. 
Pandey, A., Smit, S., & Holmes, D. (2021). Measuring productivity in modern or-ganizations. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Man-agement, 70(2), 456–472.
Pugh, D. S., Hickson, D. J., & Turner, C. (2008). Group interventions in organi-zational settings. Human Relations, 61(4), 437–457.
Qamar, M. S., Hameed, I., & Anwar, M. (2021). Bibliometric analysis of HR ana-lytics: Trends and gaps. International Journal of Information Management, 57, 102136.
Raisch, S. & Krakowski, S. (2020). Artificial Intelligence and Management: The Au-tomation-Augmentation Paradox. Academy of Management Review. 
Rajagopalan, A., & Vijayabanu, C. (2024). Unveiling and mapping the human re-source technologies and Industry 5.0. Advances in Human Resources Management and Organizational De-velopment Book Series. 
Ramlall, S. (2004). A Review of Employee Motivation Theories and Their Impli-cations for Employee Retention within Organizations. Journal of American Academy of Business, 5, 52-63.
Rialti, Riccardo & Marzi, Giacomo & Silic, Mario & Ciappei, Cristiano. (2017). Am-bidextrous Organization and Agility in Big Data Era: The Role of Business Process Management Systems. Busi-ness Process Management Journal. 24.
Rini, E. S., Rahma, A., & Wahyuni, E. (2022). The effect of service quality and em-ployee performance on customer sat-isfaction. Journal of Management and Business, 21(2), 112–120.
Rodgers, R., Hawkes, D., & Randle, K. (2023). Ethical implications of AI in human resource decision-making. Ethics and Information Technology, 25(1), 39–51. 
Roth, E., Moencks, M., Freigang, A., & Beitinger, G. (2023). People-centric production: Towards an assessment tool for workforce empowerment in Industry 5.0. 2023 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). 
Rutkaskas, R., & Pallavicini, A. (2005). Un-derstanding productivity: Efficiency versus effectiveness. Journal of Busi-ness Research, 58(5), 712-721. 
Sage, A. P. (1977). Interpretive Structural Modeling: Methodology for Large-Scale Systems. McGraw-Hill.
Saklani, A., & Khurana, S. (2023). The role of AI in recruitment and performance appraisal: A qualitative analysis. Inter-national Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals, 14(1), 1–17. 
Salvadorinho, J., & Teixeira, L. (2023). Happy and engaged workforce in In-dustry 4.0 A new concept of digital tool for HR based on theoretical and practical trends. Sustainability.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2019). Research methods for business students (8th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
Schwab, K. (2016). The Fourth Industrial Revolution. New York: Crown Busi-ness.
Senior, R. S., Kumar, U., & Verma, N. (2023). Futuristic HRM and the impli-cations of integration with Industry 5.0 for sustainable business. Manage-ment Insight.
Shaikh, F., Afshan, G., Anwar, R. S., Abbas, Z., & Chana, K. A. (2023). Analyzing the impact of artificial intelligence on em-ployee productivity: The mediating ef-fect of knowledge sharing and well-being. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 61(4), 794-820. 
Shuck, B., & Rocco, T. S. (2014). Employee engagement: The state of the re-search. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(8), 986–999.
Sink, D. S., & Tuttle, T. C. (1989). Productivity management: A practical handbook. New York: Wiley.
Smith, J. A., & Roberts, L. (2024). Managing human resources in the age of Indus-try 5.0: Transformations and trends. Palgrave Macmillan
Sparrow, Paul & Brewster, Chris & Chung, Chul. (2016). globalizing human re-source management: Second edition.
Stone, R. J., Stone, E. F., & Stone, L. A. (2018). Transformation of the work-force. Journal of Organizational Behav-ior, 39(2), 174–191.
Tanzhen, Y. (2005). Examining productivi-ty and its measures: A literature re-view. International Journal of Opera-tions & Production Management, 25(8), 796-818.
Templer, K. J., & Dorsey, K. (2009). An HR effectiveness framework: Multivariate models for evaluating HR management success. Journal of Business Strategy, 30(6), 61-68.
Tharp, B. (2020). A culture of innovation: HRM in the 21st century. Journal of Organizational Change, 33(2), 89–105.
Truss, C., Mankin, D., & Kelliher, C. (2012). Resource strategy in HRM. Human Re-source Management Journal, 22(2), 102–118.
Ulrich, D. (2017). Human Resource Cham-pions: The Next Agenda for Adding Value and Delivering Results. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Van der Meer-Kooistra, J., & Vosselman, E. (2000). The conduct of proceedings in HRM research. Accounting, Organiza-tions, and Society, 25(5), 381–406.
Violetta Khoreva, Heidi Wechtler. (2017). "HR practices and employee perfor-mance: the mediating role of well-being", Employee Relations: The Inter-national Journal
Wright, P. M., & Boswell, W. R. (2002). De-segregating HRM: A review and syn-thesis of micro and macro human re-source management research. Journal of Management, 28(3), 247–276. 
Wright, P. M., & Nishii, L. H. (2007). Strate-gic HRM and organizational behavior: Integrating multiple levels of analysis. CAHRS Working Paper Series, 468. Cornell University, ILRSchool. 
Wright, P. M., Dunford, B. B., & Snell, S. A. (2008). High performance work sys-tems and organizational performance. Journal of Management, 34(3), 464–496. 
Wright, Patrick & Haggerty, John. (2005). Missing Variables in Theories of Stra-tegic Human Resource Management: Time, Cause, and Individuals.The In-ternational Review of Management Studies. 16. 164-173. 
Yazdani, Hamidreza, & Hekimi Nia, Ma-soud. (2025). Identifying Challenges and Opportunities of Using Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Man-agement: A Meta-Integration Ap-proach. Sustainable Human Resource Management, 6(10), 139-113.  (In Per-sian)
Ziebell, C., Smith, M., & Clark, M. (2019). Analysis of human resources in the digital age. Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(3), 305–322.
Zongjun, L. (2019). Research on factors af-fecting employee productivity in Shanghai. ERN Human Resources in Developing Economies.